Cultural determinants of Latin Americans

The Latino population in the US is about 14 % (in 2006) and would rise to about 25 % within a few years. This population has very important healthcare needs, and they cannot be ignored as they form a very important part of the population of the US (Caballero, 2006). The incidence rates of diabetes are very high in the Latin American population that resides in the US. Hispanics have a high chance of developing diabetes due to genetic predisposition. The occurrence of type I diabetes is similar in Hispanic and Whites, but the prevalence of type II diabetes is almost twice higher.Environmental factors (associated with urbanization, lifestyle and leading a sedentary lifestyle) tend to impact the manner in which the disease develops and progresses in Hispanics. The outcome of diabetes of Latinos who reside in the US is particularly poor (Caballero, 2006). These rates are especially high in those above the age of 60 year. About 33 % of the female population and about 31 % of the male popul ation suffer from diabetes. The incidence rates could be higher due to a number of unreported cases. At the moment, the Hispanic population is experiencing a lot of problems with relation to accessing the healthcare services in the US.These include a reduced provision of healthcare services, poor knowledge about the availability of the healthcare services, poor insurance coverage, poor policies framed to cover the healthcare needs of the immigrants, absence of procedures in order to secure the healthcare services, inability to afford the high cost of healthcare, poor transportation facilities, cultural problems that are experienced whilst interacting with the healthcare professionals (difference in language, culture, ethnicity, values, etc), discrimination, fear, etc (Sotomayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007).Healthcare services are provided at rather inconvenient hours and the transportation facilities, to and fro the healthcare unit is very poor. Some individuals belonging to the Latin Communities fear using the healthcare system as they feel that they get discriminated and deported to their home nation. Individuals belonging to the Latin communities are unable to build a rapport with the healthcare professional (Kaleidoscope). The CDC began to understand that the Latin Communities were unable to obtain effective healthcare services in the US.Hence, it launched the Latin Education Project in the year 2000 to educate the Latin Communities, make them understand their health problems, encourage health promotion and prevent the development of chronic diseases. The incidences, complications and mortality of diabetes were high in the Texas region of the Latin Communities. The communities had very poor knowledge of their health problems, as they were basically illiterate, uneducated, lived in villages and worked as farmers. Their economic situation was also very poor in the US.About 42 % of the population that reside in the Coastal Bend Area of Texas is basically Hispan ic and a sizeable amount belongs to the elder age group. In some areas, the Hispanic population is about 80 to 90 %, and this would mean that the health problems that arise due to not using the healthcare facilities are even higher. About 28 % of the elder aged-group Hispanic population lives below the poverty line. The unemployment rates are also very high in the Hispanic population (about 6 %).About 50 % of the population that live in Texas meets with fatal outcomes due to a chronic disease such as diabetes and CVS disease (Sotomayor, Pawlik & Dominguez, 2007). The Latin populations also have a lot of beliefs about healthcare, which affects the manner in which they seek healthcare services in the US. In 4 different parts of the World, Weller et al performed a study in 1999, to determine the beliefs the Latin communities had about diabetes. It was performed in Latin Communities in Connecticut, Texas, Mexico and Guatemala.A survey tool in the form of a questionnaire was utilized tha t had about 130 items regarding their beliefs about the cause, characteristics and the management of diabetes. Different populations were utilized to determine the consistency patterns. The study demonstrated that there were homogeneous beliefs in all the four communities with regards to Diabetes. As the incidence of diabetes was higher in the population, so were their knowledge levels of the disease. The cultural knowledge of diabetes was associated with greater educational levels.Sharing and transmission of knowledge was higher in populations living in developed areas. The cultural knowledge of diabetes seemed to be true and proven through modern medicine. However, there were some wrong beliefs, which existed in the population regarding diabetes. This may be due to a lack of information in a particular area, and could be easily corrected through education. The population was aware that diabetes developed due to the lack or a problem of insulin in the body.There were also aware of the frequent symptoms of diabetes such as tiredness, frequent urination, dizziness, excessive thirst, visual disturbances, etc (Weller, Baer, Pacher, et al 1999). The Latin populations do not belief in preventive care (which is given a lot of priority and importance in the US). Economic and spiritual factors influence the need to seek preventive medical care. The population may not like to seek unnecessary medical check-ups, as it may be very costly for them. Only if the patients were sick and terribly unwell, would he/she seek medical care.Hence, they are at a very high risk of developing serious complications that may arise in association with several chronic diseases. Many people end up with fatal outcomes in the hospitals. Hence, they soon begin not to trust the local healthcare providers, and tend to lose confidence in the US healthcare system. The uninsured rates are also very high in the Latino populations. The Latin population believes that curses and spiritual issues could result in the development of illness, and hence, would first seek care from a spiritual healer.Rituals, local herbs and medicines are utilized to treat the disease, frequently without much success (Kaleidoscope). The Healthcare system in the US is beginning to change in order to meet the needs of the Latino population. Awareness programs are being launched by the CDC, American Diabetic Association, etc, to educate the Latino population of their health problems and the manner in which it is to be addressed. Physicians in certain parts of the US get extra academic benefits if they serve the minority population.Several organizations in the US are conducting relevant research and studies to identify the factors that could accelerate disease and worsen their health problems. Accordingly, the health system is being modified. Physicians and other healthcare personnel belonging to Latin origins are being recruited in the healthcare system to ensure that the patients can speak in their nativ e language to the professionals. Many organizations are also visiting the Latin populations to identify their health problems and develop a solution for them.The government and local agencies are also making an effort to provide health insurance coverage for these Latin populations. Transportation facilities that serve the Latin populations are also being improved. The communities are being reassured that they would not be discriminated, abused or deported to their home nation whilst accessing healthcare services. Pictures are frequently utilized at the healthcare unit to ensure proper communication. Brochures and graphics in local languages are utilized to create greater awareness for the Latin populations.The CDC and other health organizations in the US are creating a separate segment in their websites that would help the Latin population access health information (Kaleidoscope). References: Caballero, A. E. (2006), Culturally Competent Diabetes Care and Education for Latinos, Ame rican Diabetic Association, 3(12), 3. http://docnews. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/content/full/3/12/3 Kaleidoscope – Latinos / Hispanics, Retrieved on June 22, 2007, from Kaleidoscope Website: http://cnnc. uncg. edu/pdfs/latinoshispanics. pdf Nelson, K. , Geiger, A. M. & Mangione, C. M.(2002), Effect of Health Beliefs on Delays in Care for Abnormal Cervical Cytology in a Multiethnic Population, J Gen Intern Med, 17(9), 709–716. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1495105 Sotomayor, M. , Pawlik, F. & Dominguez, A. (2007), Building Community Capacity for Health Promotion in a Hispanic Community, Prev Chronic Dis, 4(1), A16. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? artid=1832126 Weller, S. C. , Galzer, M. , Baer, R. D. (1999), Latino Beliefs about Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 22(5), 722-728. http://care. diabetesjournals. org/cgi/reprint/22/5/722. pdf

Created in the Image of God Essay

The theme â€Å"Created in the Image of God† is saying that everyone is special and no human life should be wasted because God loves us all equally and has a plan for everyone. This theme also explains that everyone is created differently for a reason. The song Don’t Laugh at Me is about the people in the world that are made fun of and Mark Wills is saying that in God’s were all the same. The song Don’t Laugh at Me represents the theme â€Å"Created in the image of God† because Mark Wills is explaining that God made us all different for a reason and he loves us all equally and we shouldn’t be treated different because we have braces or because we are blind; we should all be treated the same. The theme of Narcissism is a self-centered love. Narcissism is when you love the way you look more than you love others, it is being obsessed with the way you look. The TV show Jersey Shore is a show where there are eight people living in a house and they go partying every night and they are all obsessed with the way they look. The TV show Jersey Shore represents the theme of Narcissism because the cast members of Jersey shore are all obsessed with the way they look, they go to the gym every day, they spend way too much time on their hair and on their clothes. The theme â€Å"When Love Goes Wrong† is explaining to us when we should know that your relationship is not good anymore and if we realize these things happening in our relationship, we should get out of the relationship. The song The Best Days of Your Life is about a guy cheating on his girlfriend and he got the other girl pregnant. His girlfriend is now trying to get over him. The song The Best Days of Your Life represents the theme â€Å"When Love Goes Wrong† because the couple in the song, their relationship was ruined when the boyfriend cheated on his girlfriend. The theme of inclusivity is including everyone and making them feel welcome even if you aren’t best friends with them. The picture I chose of children playing shows the three children sitting down playing and one child standing and it represents the three children letting the one child play with them. The picture of children playing represents the theme of Inclusivity because these children are letting the one child play with them even though they may not like that child, they are being nice and letting him play with them, because they are doing the catholic thing to do by letting him play with them.

Study of Branding Decisions (Cadbury Dairy Milk) Coursework

Study of Branding Decisions (Cadbury Dairy Milk) - Coursework Example Cadbury has been able to attain strong brand image and identity in the market. Therefore it has been able to differentiate itself from its major competitors in the market (Lasserre, 2012). The concerned company has focused on its branding strategy since it is considered as the most valuable intangible assets for the food products. A brand experiences strong brand equity in the market when the consumers prefers the particular brand in comparison to the other brands available in the market (Picton and Broderick, 2009). The product which experiences strong brand image in the market will be able to attract more customers. The popularity of Cadbury has increased because the consumers are aware of its brand name. It has been observed that 90% of the people recognize this brand (Wintzer, 2007). Cadbury dairy milk has adopted the packaging design strategy which includes the brand promotion and corporate design. The packaging style of Cadbury dairy milk mainly comprises of the following elements which includes the corporate purple colour of Cadbury, the script logo of Cadbury, the distinctive packaging design and the glass with full cream logo. Cadbury dairy milk has focused on these elements in order to increase the distinctiveness, high quality and memo ability in the minds of the consumers. From the very beginning the packaging has been considered as a very important marketing tool for attracting the customers (Perreault and MaCarthy, 2003).The concerned company has hired a team of experts that are engaged in improving the packaging of its product. The design of Cadbury reflects the quality and the brand image of the product. Cadbury dairy milk has used bright colour in its packaging, since bright colours assist in attracting the customers. The bright colour also facilita tes the customers in finding the product when it is displayed

How did Plato and Aristotle differ in the way they believed the mind Essay

How did Plato and Aristotle differ in the way they believed the mind should perceive reality - Essay Example In fact we are only describing our image of reality. The materiality we observe, the solidness we feel, the whole of the real world that we know, are, like color, sound, smell, and all the other qualities we experience, qualities manifesting in the mind. This is the startling conclusion we are forced to acknowledge; the stuff of our world-the world we know and appear to live within-is not matter, but mind (Russell). While psychology is interested in the nature of humanity, in understanding how human beings function, psychology is by no means the only field of inquiry that seeks answers to the puzzles of human nature.The earliest roots of the modern discipline of psychology can be traced to two different approaches to human behavior. Philosophy is a means of exploring and understanding various aspects of the nature of the world in general - including human nature. Philosophy operates primarily through introspection - the self-examination ofideas and inner experiences. The second field from which psychology derives is physiology- the scientific study of living organisms and of life sustaining processes and functions. Plato (428-348 B.C.) and Aristotle (384- 322 B.C.) also believed that the mind was to be found within the body. Plato located it in the brain and Aristotle placed it in the heart. Plato and Aristotle had a profound effect on modern thinking not only in psychology but also in many fie lds. With regard to psychology they particularly impacted three areas: the relationship between mind and body, the use of observation versus introspection as a means of discovering truth, the question of what is the original source of our ideas (Sternberg as quoted by Griffin, 2004). Plato's theory of representation is substantially different from Aristotle's, for whom some sensations are objective. Reason for Aristotle need only distinguish between accurate and inaccurate sensory images in order to gain access to the real outside world. For Plato no sensory evidence is objective. Reality is only within the inner, ideal, remembered world. Plato and Aristotle had different views on the nature of reality.Plato had a very different attitude towards representation than Aristotle. Plato believed that reality

Tito Puente Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tito Puente - Research Paper Example Tito Puente is a multi-faceted genius with versatility, innovation, experimentation, flamboyance and attitude. Above all, he was a great human being. Without throwing light on these aspects, any portrait sketch of Tito remains incomplete. Tito, born on April 20, 1923 in New York City’s Spanish Harlem, was seven years old when he was enrolled in 25-cent piano lessons (Hispanic Heritage). Fascinated by Gene Krupa, drummer, he started the study of percussion at the age of ten and first performed at the age of thirteen. In his teens, joined Noro Morales and the Machito Orchestra. After completing his study at the Julliard School of Music, he formed his group ‘the Piccadilly Boys’ which later became ‘the Tito Puente Orchestra’ (Puente, Tito). His 1958 album ‘Dance Mania’ was placed among the 25 most influential albums of the 20th century by the New York Times. Key to the City of New York (1969), James Smithson Bicentennial Medal, a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (1990), National Medal of Arts (1997) and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (2003) were just a few of the innumerable honors conferred on him. Tito is considered to be the godfather of Latin jazz and salsa. However, to say that Tito is an artiste associated with salsa and Latin jazz is a simplistic statement. It presents things in too narrow a light to give an accurate and objective evaluation of Tito’s place, at large, in the world of music. Firstly, it would be injustice to Tito’s soul to brand him just a musician considering his notion that ‘if there is no dance, there is no music’. It is amusing to know that his original dream was to become a dancer. Eddie Torres felt it was a privilege to be identified as the Tito Puente Dancers (Salsa Dancing – New York Style). Then, as a musician, to limit Tito to mambo and jazz is a very inadequate description. His versatility ran the gamut of piano, conga drums, claves, bateria, tap drums along with saxophone and even clarinet. As for the nature of his music, it was only the roots that were Latin. These roots were aesthetically integrated with several other components like the Cuban sounds, the African sounds, the black jazz, the big band swing, bebop, Yoruba tradition, the vibes, the Oriental influence and Kenton progressive style. The integration was done in such a manner that the end product would be appealing to music lovers. It appealed first to a white audience and then to the entire world. Tito defied the Spanish cultural tyranny over Latin music. He brought the African percussion to the mainstream and thus ended the prevalent animosity towards African music. Thanks to his style, the black musicians could shed their inhibitions. Tito’s method was a skilful manipulation of the Afro-Cuban pattern to fit into the framework of the American big band prototype. He was adept in incorporating Latin rhythms in jazz and popular music. The song ‘Hong K ong Mambo’ from the album ‘Dance Mania’ illustrates Tito’s skill in bringing together Latin music and Oriental melody (McNeese 84). In the song ‘Varsity Drag Mambo’, he blends swing jazz of the Big Band style with mambo rhythm. Tito was known for his inclination to experiment with music. But in this process he was cautious not to interfere with the absolute beauty of music. When he went for improvisation in his orchestration, there were three ways in which he would do that. In the first type, the original melody would be completely adhered to. Only a

Financial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Accounting - Essay Example Further an analysis is made to understand which of the two objectives is apt for the GPFR. Also an analysis is made to understand if the proposal of the IASB has helped improve the GPFR. A conclusion is then drawn out based on the discussion. However to discuss this further it is essential that we first understand what general purpose financial reports deal with. The next section focuses on understanding general purpose financial reports in detail. The Statement of Accounting Concept (SAC 1) explains general purpose financial reports as reports that are intended to meet the needs of common users who are unable to command the preparation of reports tailored to their specific needs. Also GPFRs can be produced by entities that have users who cannot command the preparation of specific information. The entities are required to be reporting entities and if they are not deemed to be report entity then it would not require producing a GPFR and would not require complying with all the accounting standards (IASB, 2008). GPFRs are not produced for a single group of users. It has grown from the basic need of all groups of users who need financial information. However there are conflicts between the groups since almost every group require different information for example suppliers and lenders vs. the shareholders, or the senior management vs. the employees. Shareholders require a more detailed report which helps them analyses the profitab ility, whereas lenders and suppliers require the report to be made for them to be more conservative. Similarly senior management would have concerns about the profits that are reported as if the profits are reported to be high the chances of increase in wage demanded will also be high. The main objectives of general purpose financial reports of the Australian accounting standards board is to provide reliable and

The neurotransmittion pathology and thier malfuction due to cancer Research Paper

The neurotransmittion pathology and thier malfuction due to cancer - Research Paper Example Such disease as cancer can be the reason of various transmitter pathologies. The study of the Leipzig University showed that at least one of the three cancer patients in German hospitals also has neurotransmitter pathology. Cancer patients with the psyche abnormal are more likely to complain of pain and tend to suicide. ). Cancer also leads to decreased concentration ability, disruption of thinking, change in level of consciousness, disorientation, violation of perception, disorders of the sleep cycle, memory impairment, etc. Even schizophrenia can be provoked by cancer. Besides, these two diseases share common genetic roots. Thus, it is necessary to treat both physical and mental disorders simultaneously. Key words: cancer, mental disorder, neurotransmission pathologies, neurotransmitter, schizophrenia. For a long time the mental and physical health were treated separately from each other, that, according to the World Federation for Mental Health, was not beneficial to patients. Tha t is why the main theme of World Mental Health Day-2010 was the relationships between mental and physical conditions and their importance for providing the most effective patient care. According to the World Health Organization, more than 450 million people worldwide suffer from mental disorders. Approximately 121 million patients' mental disorders are accompanied by serious illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, etc. Sergei Tyulyandin, a head of clinical pharmacology and chemotherapy, the deputy director of Clinical Oncology Research Center in Moscow, reported that many cancer patients, as a result of special treatment, recover, they need not only social support, but professional help of psychologists and psychiatrists for their early return to normal work and social activities (WHO, 2010). Approximately half of cancer patients have the developing mental disorders. In descending order, these disorders are as follows: violation of adaptability, affective disorde rs, organic mental disorders, personality changes, fears. Each of these disorders can be treated under the influence of psychotherapy and / or psychopharmacological methods. â€Å"Neurotransmitters, as well as hormones, are primary messengers, but their release and the mechanism of action in chemical synapses are very different from those of hormones. In the presynaptic cell, vesicles, containing neurotransmitter, release it locally into the very small synaptic gap† (WHO, 2010). Drawback of any of the neurotransmitters can cause a variety of disorders, such as various types of depression. And such disease as cancer, especially its severe forms, can be the reason of transmitter pathologies (Tilan, & Kitlinska, 2010). The study of the Leipzig University, during which 689 patients with various tumors were surveyed, showed that at least one of the three cancer patients in German hospitals also has neurotransmission pathology. As it turned out, 32% of patients suffered from mental illness, 11.6% had several mental disorders. Most often it was depression. The patients perceived the diagnosis and chemotherapy seriously (Universitat Leipzig, 2007). Patients with the psyche abnormal are more likely to complain of pain. However, psychological factors are too often used to explain the pain that has no medical issues. Cancer patients have a moderately increased risk of suicide (mostly within 1 year after diagnosis). Risk factors include

Comparison and Contrast of Sweeney Todd and the Lion King Films Essay - 2

Comparison and Contrast of Sweeney Todd and the Lion King Films - Essay Example A movie is defined as a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement. Movies usually have a plot that is either based on a novel such as the Harry Potter, The Devil Wears Prada, A Walk to Remember, etc.; or have an original screenplay such as the High School Musical, Cheetah Girls, etc. Some are even counterparts or representation of popular theatrical plays that have already been considered as classic. However, in other cases, it is the other way around. A movie might be very brilliant and magnificently done it has garnered so much glamour, that a theatrical play is created to re-enact it. Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a theatrical play by Christopher Bond which is created in 1973. It has later become a musical thriller in 1979 with music and lyrics done by Stephen Sondheim and libretto by Hugh Wheeler. The musical theater production of Sweeney Todd started at the Uris Theatre on March 1, 1979, and ran for almost 600 performances. It was directed by Harold Prince with musical staging by Larry Fuller. The musical tells the story of Benjamin Barker, alias Sweeney Todd, who returns to London after 15 years deportation and prison based on false charges. He then vows revenge after learning from his former landlady, Mrs. Lovett, that his wife poisoned herself after being raped by Judge Turpin who wrongly executed him. The musical theater production was really magnificent for it has nine nominations for Tony Awards in which it won eight including Best Musical, Best Actress in a Musical, and Best Actor in a Musical.   And then later, the film adaptation of the theatrical play Sweeney Todd was jointly produced by DreamWorks and Warner Brothers. It was released on December 21, 2007.  

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Business plan - Essay Example The business in question has narrowed down the cultural context of its target audience, the focus is more defined and the growth span may be shorter. The company will utilize the increased number of public relation practitioners that are young, eager, and unemployed to come up with innovative techniques for market outreach. We will also incorporate affordable modern dà ©cor in the accommodation premises to better fit the primary demographic that we target. The main challenges are high capital costs and marketing costs because the target population is sparsely located. However, the greater challenge is ensuring that the brand is recognized in order to establish goodwill. The challenge will be tackled by ensuring that with each client’s optimum satisfaction is met and that we work directly with the university administration to ensure there is optimum faith with existing and potential clients.Target MarketStatistics have illustrated that in the last year, the number of internati onal students in the U.S.A. has risen to 886,054 (Pinson, 2005). Of this statistic, the larger percentage is of Asian descent. This gives the company a bearing of the type of accommodation that most clients are looking for because notably, Asian preference in lifestyle choices inclines with their culture. The services include provision of airport pick up to their destinations, commuting services to new clients for a certain period and assistance with opening a new bank account as well as SIM cards.  

Mgmt Organization design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mgmt Organization design - Essay Example This gives them more experience in the work, which promotes creativity and innovativeness. Organic structure is less efficient than mechanistic structure. However, organic structure has more flexibility and employees can adapt quickly with the changes. Organic structure is most appropriate in uncertain, dynamic, and changing work environments. In addition, since the organization is decentralized and using the organic model structure, mutual adjustment is also common in the organization and plays an important role in the company. Therefore, employees are allowed to use their judgment instead of standardized rules to guide decision-making. This makes it possible to inject new synergistic ideas in the process of decision-making. Moreover, integration is working well in the company. For example, if there is any trouble, the whole staff or the employees will work together to solve and coordinate this

To What Extent Was There a Moral Crisis in America in the 1920s Essay Example for Free

To What Extent Was There a Moral Crisis in America in the 1920s Essay To what extent was there a moral crisis in America in the 1920’s. During the 1920’s, there most certainly was moral revolutions in America and traditional values were most certainly being challenged by the newer generation. Of course, for example, with the introduction of Hollywood, reforming attitudes that were towards and adopted to women and the economic boom of the 1920’s this was most certainly going to have an effect of the general American public’s moral values. Whilst these changing attitudes may be perceived by traditionalists to be shaping a moral crisis at the time, this essay looks to explore on whether or not there was actually a moral crisis in America in the 1920’s or whether the USA marked society in moral change rather than in entering into a moral crisis, which is defined as a crisis in which you are torn between what you know to be the wrong thing and the right thing, which it is often criticised of by the older generations at the time. The first issue in America which arguably sparked off a moral crisis in America was prohibition as this had illegalised alcohol in the United States and due to the nature of the market which the government was illegalising which had such a high demand for consumers, it meant that consumers were torn between obeying the law and their increasing desires for alcohol. In fact, prohibition had made people drink more alcohol by buying it illegally where it was available in the black market. The prohibition act had, therefore, really challenged American moral values as arguably most consumers in the US drank alcohol as part of normality in their daily lives and so by the government illegalising it, it had only meant that consumers had to fulfil their habits by other means. However, although most Americans were forced to resort to other measures in terms of fulfilling their alcoholic desires, this was not a moral crisis but rather it challenged their moral values whilst the introduction of organised crime as a result of prohibition is what arguably led America into a moral crisis. This is because prohibition acted as a major catalyst of organised crime as it had meant that individuals such as Alcapone were arguably encouraged to start selling alcohol to the American public as they were not being sold openly in the American market. This obviously marked a moral crisis in terms of the American economy as it meant that Alcohol was illegally having to be imported into the US without any taxes being paid to the government to fulfil the demands of consumers which is why Al Capone said he was not a riminal but â€Å"supplying a public demand† and that â€Å"he was a businessmen. † However, Al Capone’s desires to have a monopoly over the illegal American alcohol market led to an increasing moral crisis in America as Capone had stated to kill his competition such as with the killing of Dion O’Bannon in 1926. This had led to gang warfare or gangsterism in America and therefore a corrupt society in moral crisis in this respect. So, the effects of the introduction of the prohibition act such as gang warfare and, consumers who were in many cases very respectable, being left torn on their morals to resort to buying alcohol from illegal sources such as Alcapone available in the black market is what caused a moral crisis. And so in this respect, it is definitely arguable that it wasn’t just a small part of society that was in moral crisis such as Alcapone and gang warfare’s that came about as a result of prohibition but that the majority of American society must have been part of Alcapone and other dealers illegal activity as they were buying his imported goods. The fact that Alcapone had generated revenue which approximated to $60,000,000 is evidence that the whole of American society was part of his illegal activity and thus indicating a moral crisis by going against the law rather than a small segment of it. However, as the prohibition act had eventually failed, there is no certainty to say that consumers who were buying alcohol illegally was an indication of America in a moral crisis in the 1920’s. After all, consumers were simply carrying on to fulfil what they previously were allowed to do illegally and as the act eventually failed, the act can be seen as more of a battle between society and the government whereby society was demonstrating to the government that they just couldn’t prevent alcohol consumption in the USA even if they did illegalise it. Many historians agree that the role of Hollywood in the 1920’s played a major part in changing moral values in the USA, particularly as it had become a major mass entertainment industry. The cinema was perceived as a sense of immorality and quite rightfully it was in advertising gambling and alcohol which were all the things which the government was hoping American society would not be part of, in its attempts through the Hayes code to try and boost efficiency levels amongst the workers by keeping them more active and away from what the traditionalists felt was the devilish attributes which many Americans were moving towards such as gambling and excessive alcohol drinking. How the characters in Hollywood reacted is arguably what sparked off the 1920’s to be an era of liberation rather than a moral crisis as it was these values which many Americans adopted into their daily lives, arguably as part of liberation in the right direction. Dorothy Parker is one of the women who was brave enough to be a role model to other women and encourage them to escape from their current suppressions at home in her attempts to reform American society by making it more liberal rather than arguably remaining in a moral crisis where women were being devalued for what their true capabilities are if they were given the option to express themselves. In fact, the liberating behaviour of the young women in the 1920’s is what enabled more equality to form between the sexes. For example, more women were given higher paid jobs and although they did not earn as much as men during this time, the equality gap had significantly decreased. This is a significant indication that the roaring twenties was quite the contrary to being in moral decline as it had arguably increased the mutual understanding and values for women who, were previously valued to be housewives maintaining the household, to later on play an equal part in the economic world. In fact, the 1920’s had abolished the previous superiority that men used to think they had over women whilst it allowed women on the whole to have confidence in themselves and the freedom to not be dictated by their fathers or husbands. These traditional values marked history during the 1920’s and changed the perception of women in America who had liberated to fashionable hairstyles and the enjoyment with attending clubs such as the Cotton Clubs at night time. The roaring 20’s freed women, therefore, from their previous values and dictatorship of the male species which arguably had brought America out of a moral crisis where women were free from their previous suppression and devaluation. In conclusion, overall, there probably wasn’t a moral crisis in the U. S. but rather change and reformation in the way that society operates away from a traditionalist outlook to society to progressives. The 1920’s in America was arguably a time of exaggeration on behalf of the fundamentalists and marked the difference in generational thinking between the old and the young. The economic boom in that came with the increasingly growing country during this time was what forcibly changed the role of women as they were used in advertisements to promote products to consumers such as cigarettes being renowned as ‘ torches of freedom’ to the women. More importantly, from a rogressives prospective, the changing values of the role of women was actually bringing society out of a moral crisis where women were generally perceived to not have any input in the economic World purely on the basis of their gender. Whilst the 1920’s marked the changing attitudes of society towards women, sex and drinking. The main aspect of society which is, perhaps, evidential of America entering into a moral crisis was the amount of gang warfare that came about due to the amount of immigrat ion into America and the effects of the prohibition act. The amount of racial tension in America in the 1920s which was marked in the Sacco and Vanzetti case is, therefore, one of the key components of the 1920’s which points to America stepping into a racial crisis and therefore a moral crisis, but apart from this on the whole America can be seen to be reforming and passing through a cycle of reformation rather than what it is perceived to be of the older generations of ignorance and that the older generations and fundamentalists were left behind in their ignorance to accept change.

What Extent Is English A Global Language?

What Extent Is English A Global Language? There are numerous different languages are being used throughout the world. Since there are too many different languages, a global language is produced. A language can achieve this status only when it is important to the world activities such as communication between countries, trading between different countries across the world and culture. It plays an important role and it is recognized by every country (Crystal, 2003). Crystal (2003) reports that English has already reached this stage and there are nearly a quarter of the worlds population around 1.2 to 1.5 billion people is already know and use English. Nowadays, English is the most widely spoken language in the world. English has become a global language not because of it is both easy to learn and is superior to other language but it has strong power base. The thesis of this essay is divided into a few parts, first look at what is a global language and what makes a language global then why English become a global language. Global language means a language which is using around the world and it is important to the world operation and influencing the domains of the human activity in the world. For example, global language is usually uses to write songs, use to trading throughout the world and communication between countries in the world. Global language is important to the world operation and a global language is needed in the world. A language has two mains ways to become global. It can be an official language and foreign language of countries. Official language means a language which wildly used as medium of communication, such as media, the domains as government and the education system (Crystal, 2003). It also can be the first language of few countries. Crystal (2003) claims that a language can have a global status when it is used by other countries around the world. Since a language cannot become global only use by itself. Foreign language means a language teaching in school which has no official status. A mother-tongue language becomes the foreign language and the official language is the step to make the language become global since a language cannot have a global status when it is not taken by the other countries. And English has finished the step to become an international language. English has become an international language not because it is easy to learn. There is no language is easy to learn and better, the difficulty of a language is depend on different learner and Lutz (2010) points that it depends on which level of the learner want to achieve, the higher level, the more difficult. Ellis (1985) says that age, aptitude, cognitive style, motivation and personalities are the five main aspects which separate individual learner differences in a different level. This means the difficulty of language are depends on learner. Ellis (1985) reports that aptitude is a main factor to divides the language learner to different level. If a learner has a good aptitude and a effective way to study a second language, the language will become easier. Learner motivation also is a important factor that make a learner learn a second language success. A learner can likely learn a second language to be success when the motivation is high. Crystal (2003) reports that the intrinsic structural properties, the size of its vocabulary or it has been a vehicle of a great literature in the past or it was once associated with a great culture or religion are the motivation of some learner to learn a language but not the reasons make the language become global. English has become an international language also not because it is superior to other language. Crystal (2003) says that there are many people claim that a language can become global because its sense beauty, clear expression or religious standing and these are the misleading beliefs. Language can become a global language not because the beauty of the language and the number of people who speak it but who speak the language. There are some properties of English makes it become global appealing but the characteristics of the language are not the main reason to be worth to learn but the relative importance between the language characteristics and the internationally value. This make a language be more appealing but not superior to the other languages. English may be more appealing than other languages but not superior to languages. Crystal (2003) says that language can become a global language not because the beauty of the language and the number of people who speak it but who speak the language. English can become a world language mainly because of the strong military power and economic power. Crystal (2003) shows that a language cannot become global without strong power-bases, such as political power, military power and economic power. These are the dominance of the language which makes a language become global. The military power is the main reason to make a language become a global language. When a country has a strong military power, the others need to listen to the language spoken by the people in that country. Which means it makes that language is used in many countries. Between the world war two, Britain set up a lot of colonies. English became the official language and foreign language of the colonies. This is very important to be the official language and foreign language of the colonies because it is a important step to make a language become global. English must be taken by others countries to become global because a language cannot become global when it is only use by the countries which English is the mother-tongue. So English become the official language and foreign language of the colonies becomes the base of English to become a global language. an economic power is still needed to maintain and expand the status of the language. Economically power became a main aspect which maintain and expand the status in the start of twentieth century. The economic start to growth and develop around the world and there are many new markets were born. There were many new technology are invent. Communication between countries is needed to develop the economic and market. Country has a stronger economically power, the first language of that country will become more important and it can maintain it longer and expand it to larger through the economy. Crystal (2003) claims that Britain had be come the worlds headmost industrial and trading country at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The growth of economy of the English is the fastest in the world. These built the foundation of English in the world through the colonies and the economy. These are the two mains reasons to give English a global status. In conclusion, English has become an international language is not because it is both easy to learn and is superior to other language because there is no language is superior to other language and the difficultly of a language is depend on the individual learner differences. The reasons why English can become a global language because the military and the economic power of the countries which speak English And English was in the right place at the right time. (Crystal, 2003:7-10) English set up the base to the world through out the world by Britain colonies. English is also maintained and expended by the economically power and military power of Britain and USA. That the reason why English can become the global language and why English can still be the global language until now. (1262 words)

Identification Of Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snake

Identification Of Poisonous And Non Poisonous Snake INTRODUCTION Snakes are one of the most interesting reptilian creatures of earth. They are interesting as for the purpose of study as well as research and that is so because of the one character they possess in them and that is there Poison which is called by the name of Venom. Unlike all reptile snakes are poisonous but not all of them. A few species among them failed to obtain that character. This venom act as both useful weapon as well as defense shield against its pray and enemy. The snake venom is a hazardous protein and characterized by very complex compositions. It is slimy egg-like viscous liquid having slightly fishy smell. It is the complex set of harmful toxicants as well as proteins. Other than toxicants and proteins the snake venom contains several peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biological amines and metal ions, which make it even more complex than other normal proteins. Venom contains more than 20 kinds of enzymes and toxins, but the main ingredients of the venom are toxic proteins. The toxic component present in snake venom varies according to the snake species or even the venom secreted by the same snake in different season may also vary. This changes the characteristic of different snake venom and decides its role in pharmacological, toxicological and medical field. Snake venom mainly consists of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, toxins that cause blood clotting, bleeding toxins (that stops the blood clotting and blood remains to flow continuously even after injury), harmful enzymes and other major components. The cytotoxic venom is more effective than the neurotoxic type venom, and it will work almost immediately to the prey such as the mouse and frogs. Although the snakes are very calm and hideous animals (except a few ones) yet mortality rate associated with the snakebites is a serious public health problem in almost all the region of the world, especially in rural areas where medical facilities are low or absent. In India, majority of bites and mortality are due to King cobra, Naja naja, Daboia Russelli Russells viper, Bangarus caeruleus (common krait) and Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper). [1.1] Frequency of snake bite About 35,000 to 50,000 people reportedly die of snake bite in India every year; however, the unreported cases may be more in rural India. Estimated snake bites and (death) cases were reported as 25,000(30) in Europe; 6 20,000(100) in Middle East; 45,000(15) in USA and Canada; 3,00,000( 5,000) in Central and South America; 10,00,000(20,000) in Africa; 40,00,000 (1,00,000) in Asia; 10,000 (200) in Oceania all total worldwide 5 million ( 1,25,000). Death incidence due to snake bite is rather rare in Australia, Europe and North America but frequent in South Asia, South-East Asia and Sub-Sahar an Africa. In Zimbabwe on 274 cases studied, 4 out of 5 3, 6, 7 children died who are under 8 years old. [1.2] Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snake (source:www.buzzle.com//venomous-snake-identification-identifying-poisonous-snakes.html) Poisonous snakes generally possess the characters like Vertically elliptical shaped cat like pupil. A small depression (termed pit) between the eyes and nostrils. Triangle shaped head e.g. Copperheads and rattle snakes, exception- Elapids. Underside scales of tail go completely all the way across in a single row from the anal plate; the very tip of the tail may possess two scale rows. Head and body both are seen during swimming time. Generally of multiple colors. In contrast, non-poisonous snakes generally possess the characters like: Round pupil in the center of eye. U shaped head. Two rows of scales from the vent to the tail end. Only head is seen during swimming time. Generally of one color. Mostly stripes are from head to tail. [1.3] Utility of Snake Venom Snake venoms are used to control heart diseases, high blood pressure, cancer (contortrostain produced by Agkistrodon contortrix- is cytostatic in nature and found to lower the growth rate of breast cancer in mice), tumor, polio, neurological disorders (enzymes from cobra venom were found to cure Parkinson s and Alzheimers diseases), excessive bleeding (a blood clotting protein in Taipan venom stop bleeding during surgery or after major trauma), blood clotting (ancrod obtained from Malyan pit viper, used to develop angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to treat stroke victims), severe allergies amongst others. Other interesting areas of snake venom include the treatment of viruses (as venom contain phospholipidases which break down cell membrane), aging and some are even used in commercial wrinkle cream! [1.4] Phospholipase-A2 Phospholipase A2 is one of the most intensively studied membrane proteins which hydrolyze phospholipids at the sn-2 position to form fatty acid and lysophospholipid products. These are small proteins and the 3-D structures are known to high resolution for several species. Phospholipase A2 proteins are of high pharmaceutical concern since they are responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membranes, and since the subsequent conversion of this fatty acid to leukotrienes and prostaglandins is part of the inflammatory response. The enzyme also shows very interesting interactions with the membrane on which it binds. It is activated in some way when it interacts with aggregated forms of the substrate, such as in micelles or in bilayers. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are suspected to be involved in the binding of the enzyme to the membrane. Very little is known of the enzyme-membrane complex structure and why the enzyme reacts much more efficiently once it binds its substrates in an aggregated form. The phospholipid molecule consists of a glycerol-3-phosphate (blue colour) esterified at its sn-1 and sn-2 positions to non-polar fatty acids (R1 and R2, respectively) and at its phosphoryl group to a polar head group, X. Phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 cleave the acyl ester bonds at sn-1 and sn-2, respectively. Phospholipase C cleaves the glycerophosphate bond whereas phospholipase D removes the head group, X. PLA, phospholipase A; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D. Phospholipases2.png Fig-1.1: Phospholipase A2 Structure [1.5] Phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) Activity After entering inside the body of human being venom containing PLA2 enzyme start affecting the cell membranes of almost all the cell organelles. Since cell organelles containing cell membrane are made up of phospholipids, hence this this phospholipids act as a reactant for phospholipase a2 and start reacting with it. This phospholipase a2 tends to form arachidonic acid which has an inflammatory sensation and this arachidonic acid further converted into PGG2 by using cyclooxygenases. This PGG2 further transcribed into PGH2 which forms 3 basic compounds PGD2, PGF2, and PGE2. On the basis of the ester bond that is cleaved within a phospholipid molecule, phospholipases are grouped into four families, namely A, B, C and D. Phospholipase A enzymes cleave the acyl ester bond at either the sn-1 (phospholipase A1) or sn-2 (phospholipase A2) position (Figure 1). The Whoterm phospholipase B is given to phospholipases that hydrolyze acyl ester bonds at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Enzymes grouped under phospholipase C cleave the glycerophosphate bond, while phospholipase D enzymes remove the polar head group. C:UsersAMITDesktopFINAL PROJECTicb200456f1.gif Fig-1.2:Activity Chain of Phospholipase A2 inside Cell Membrane Phospholipase A2 is being suppressed by Lipocortins which is also known as Annexin. In human Annexin the common cellular protein is found inside the cell. However outside the cell the annexin is also found inside the blood because they are transported out of the cell into the blood. This is because of the lack of a signal peptide necessary for protein to be transported out of the cell. Since there are different dataset had been already prepared but could not found the IC50 value, due to which the working on this dataset could not be carried out further. [1.6] Quantitative Structure Analysis Relationship (QSAR) QSAR plays an important role in lead structure optimization and it can be predicted that QSAR method will become essential for handling the huge amount of data associated with combinatorial chemistry. 3D-QSAR has already been successfully applied to many data sets of enzyme and receptor ligands. The biological activity of molecules is usually measured in assays to establish the level of inhibition of particular signal transduction or metabolic pathways. Chemicals can also be biologically active by being toxic. Drug discovery often involves the use of QSAR to identify chemical structures that could have good inhibitory effects on specific targets and have low toxicity (non-specific activity). Of special interest is the prediction of Log P, which is an important measure used in identifying drug-likeness according to Lipinskis Rule of Five. While many Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship analyses [9] involve the interactions of a family of molecules with an enzyme or receptor bi nding site, QSAR can also be used to study the interactions between the structural domains of proteins. As in the article Structural modeling extends QSAR analysis of antibody-lysozyme interactions to 3D-QSAR, protein-protein interactions can be quantitatively analyzed for structural variations resulted from site-directed mutagenesis. In this study, a wild-type antibody specific for lysozyme and 17 single and double mutants of the antibody were investigated. Quantitative models for the affinity of the antibody-antigen interaction were developed. [1.6.1] 3D-QSAR The 3D-QSAR methods have been developed to improve the prediction accuracies of 2D methods. 3D methods are computationally more complex and demanding than 2D approaches. In general, there are two families of 3D-QSAR methods: alignment-dependent methods and alignment-independent methods. Both families need experimentally or computationally derived bioactive conformations of ligands as templates for studies. QSAR study revealed that alignment- independent descriptor and distance- based topology index are the most important descriptor in predicting apoptosis- inducing activity. 3D-QSAR study was performed using k-nearest neighbor molecular field analysis (kNN-MFA) approach for both electrostatic and steric fields. Three different kNN-MFA 3D- QSAR methods (SW-FB, SA, and GA) were used for the development of models and tested successfully for internal (q2>0.62) and external (predictive r2> 0.52) validation criteria. Thus, 3D- [1.7] Objectives To retrieve the three- dimensional coordinates of protein and known active molecules against phospholipase-A2. To generate significant three-dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship model from active molecules. To analyze protein-ligand interaction of known actives against phospholipase-A2 molecular docking studies. To identify important scaffold of compound and their structural modification with helps in designing new molecules with improve activities.

Psychedelic Music, Its Origins, and Its Effects on Music Today Essay

Psychedelic Music, Its Origins and Its Effects on Music Today Psychedelia in music has been around for a long time and has changed much of the popular music of today. The dictionary definition of psychedelic is, â€Å"of or noting a mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified sensory perception, sometimes accompanied by severe perceptual distortion and hallucinations and by extreme feelings of either euphoria or despair.† It started in the 1960’s with the discovery of LSD and use of other psychedelic drugs. Psychedelia did not only affect music, it affected people, cities, and the way people think. LSD, which was the catalyst for psychedelic music, was discovered on April 16, 1943, by Albert Hofmann. For months he had been studying ergot, a fungus that grows on rye, and synthesizing lysergic acid for possible use to help migraines. On his twenty-fifth try, he made LSD-25, and after his work he began to feel dizzy. He assumed he had the flu, so he went home. â€Å"I perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of colors,† Hofmann wrote in his biography LSD, My Problem Child. â€Å"After some two hours, this condition faded away.† He then knew that it was not the flu that made him dizzy, so he tried LSD again and got the same results. After this, he and his staff began to use LSD on themselves and soon LSD was used in psychotherapy. Now that LSD was created, psychedelic music would soon follow (DeRogatis 2-4). The birth date of psychedelic rock music, as far as it can be known, was in 1966. Many bands started making songs with psychedelic references. In May of 1966, the Beach Boys released Pet Sounds, which was inspired by their experimentation... ... constantly-changing names, but ravers do not care. Ravers do not focus on the performing artist like at rock concerts, they just listen to the beat of the music, and dance (DeRogatis 431-439). Psychedelic music has expanded people’s minds since the 1960’s. It has given people a way to express themselves, and it has helped people to relate to each other. Psychedelic music revolutionized the way music is recorded, played, and listened to. Without psychedelic music, modern music would not be the same. Works Cited â€Å"Jimi Hendrix Biography.† Biography. 2006. 6 May 2007 search/article.do?id=9334756>. DeRogatis, Jim. Turn On Your Mind. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation, 1996. Scaruffi, Piero. â€Å"The History of Rock Music: 1966-1969.† History of Rock Music. 2002. 6 May 2007

Raising an authentic child in an unauthentic world Essay -- American S

Certainly, most parents’ today have the desire to raise healthy, happy, successful, well-rounded, children with good character. Parents are following the vast amounts of ‘how-to† advice that society continues to generate, believe they are doing everything â€Å"right†, but do not seem to be achieving the desired outcome (Boteach 1). Parents are left with more questions than they began with, children continue to encompass the negative characteristics and the divide between what is desired and what is produced continues to grow. Therefore, this paper will examine the cultural, societal, parental, and communicative causes to why this is happening. An overall explanation would be that it seems that the more we progress technologically and educationally, the more we digress socially and individually. American society has gone from families living in close proximity to one another, having weekly gatherings and a genuine bond, to families scattered across the country only coming together every other Thanksgiving or Christmas, and possibly a few weeks in the summer, with a mind-set of obligation instead of one of devotion. Family friendships that used to span generations have been replaced with chains of multiple lifestyle enclaves that simply do not provide roots for families today. And parenting that was once based on instinct, logic, and generational advice is now fueled by a need to find a â€Å"how-to† manual to provide the appropriate answers in a search to produce the perfect child. To better understand how these cultural, societal, parental, and communicative elements have an effect on parenting children today, this paper will explore the messages parents create and communicate to their children in relation to want is actually being co... ...t they are in contact with. In other words, parenting has evolved into something that is done for other parents, not for children. American Children In the article, The Demise of Child-Rearing, Lyric Wallwork Winik paints a picture of modern day American children: In many respects, not since four- and five-year-old children were sent down into the mines or consigned to the factory floor has it been harder to be a child. Children are more medicated than ever. They are routinely exposed to sexual situations sooner, as well as to violence, illicit drugs, and alcohol. With the rise of sexual predators, they are for the most part no longer free to hop on their bikes and explore the suburban world; many are not allowed even to walk an urban or suburban block alone. Spontaneous play time has given way to scheduled play dates and organized pint-sized soccer leagues.

Efficacy of Iraqi Sanctions Essay -- Government Politics Essays

Efficacy of Iraqi Sanctions As United States foreign policy has matured in the wake of the Vietnam Conflict, a seemingly bloodless, less nationally controversial tool than war has emerged. The United States has begun to slap economic sanctions on rogue nations in lieu of or in addition to sending in the Armed Forces. This policy of sanctioning nations begs one to ponder the legitimacy thereof. A specific case to be examined is the Iraqi conflict. In response to Iraqà ­s hostile takeover of Kuwait in 1990, the U.S along with United Nations implemented a sanction against Iraq. After the Gulf War had ceased, a treaty was drafted which included the lifting of the sanctions should Iraq agree to certain stipulations. To this date, the UN has ruled that the treaty has not been upheld by Iraq thus keeping the sanctions in place. In the years since the initial implementation, economic sanctions have proven to be largely ineffective in the achievement of foreign policy goals in Iraq while having produced a number of oth er negative results. Sanctions have not been able to force the Hussein regime out of power nor have they been able to halt Iraqà ­s import and export of key goods. While failing in those ends, sanctions have succeeded in bringing about a massive humanitarian crisis for the Iraqi peopleà ³one which seems may never end. Before the Persian Gulf War, the Iraqi military was one of the best in the Middle East. This fact caused Iraqi leadership to deduce that, being a powerful Mid-eastern force, no one would challenge their hostile take-over of tiny Kuwait. Unfortunately for Iraq, the rest of world did not let this act go unnoticed and began the Gulf War. The once proud Iraqi forces were reduced to almost nothing after the war. Th... ...o death by the economic sanctions and they feel as though there is no end in sight. Tareq Aziz, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, sums up the bleak Iraqi sentiments, "We donà ­t see a light at the end of the tunnel. There is a tunnel after the tunnel." ("Press Conference") Works Cited Cortright, David and George A. Lopez. The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990à ­s. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2000 "Press Conference of the Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Tareq Aziz." The Digital Voice of Iraq. n. pag. Online. Internet. 21 Oct. 2000. Available FTP: http://www.multimania.com/iraq/tareq-aziz12-11-98.htm Selden, Zachary. Economic Sanctions as Instruments of American Foreign Policy. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999 Simons, Geoff. Imposing Economic Sanctions: Legal Remedy or Genocidal Tool?. Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 1999

Abuse on Reality TV Essay

An incident of child abuse occurs every ten seconds, and more than five children die every day as a result. Approximately 80% of children that die from abuse are under the age of four. Reports have kept a steady growth rate for the past ten years, with the total number of reports nationwide increasing 45% since 1987. Since 1985, the rate of child abuse fatalities has increased by nearly 40%. These statistics were taken from a National Abuse Statistics survey. ​ CAPTION: Taken from a study on child abuse by Childhelp.org, this graph represents the number of child deaths per day due to child abuse and neglect. As shown, the number has significantly increased, and is still continuing to increase. ​Many cases of child abuse have been recorded, and in many of those cases, innocent children have died. This is a growing problem and it continues to get worse. ​Most everyone is familiar with the various types of abuse such as neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, and medical neglect. Sadly, there is a new type of child abuse added to the list, the exploitation of young children and their privacy on reality television. ​According to AbuseWatch.net, children must be recognized as child actors if they are to be used in reality shows or any other type of TV production. This is not the case today. Basically, having these children on television without any pay is child labor, and they should legally be pro tected by child labor laws. The sad fact is TV producers are not employing these minors and are ignoring these child labor laws. ​They’re getting away with this crime because the children are considered as â€Å"participants†, like someone in a documentary. Due to this classification, it is excused from federal and state child labor laws as the children’s activities are being recorded on camera, opposed to the performance of a role. The children are not classified as hired employees, and do not earn a wage. They also do not get benefits that they would receive if they were to be called a â€Å"child actor.† Therefore, the child  labor laws are being ignored and these minors are not being employed. ​In 2007, the series, Kid Nation, abandoned 40 kids, ages 8 to 15, in a fake Old Western town. While viewers watched in agony, these kids spent their days literally left alone. A little girl burnt herself on a stove. These children were neglected for goodness sake. Complaints were made and authorities investigated. Not only is this against the law, but it is taking away children’s rights to privacy and, most importantly, their childhood. In a recently aired TLC reality show Dance Moms, children were yelled at and belittled in front of the camera, and thousands of viewers. Andy Dehnart describes his experience with the show in an article. He wrote, â€Å"During season 1 finale, Mackenzie, 7, started crying while rehearsing for a music video and ran out of the room, ponytail bouncing over her hot pink sports bra. She found her mother in a back room and ran toward her. â€Å"Please don’t make me go!† As she hugged her mother, Melissa, Mackenzie’s head was turned, and her eyes made contact with the camera, staring right at us. She pulled away, her face a mess of sadness and anger, and pointed accusatorily at the camera and its operator’s instructiveness.† It was extremely evident that this was televised child abuse. This is not the kind of abuse that consists of making a child do something that they don’t want to do in that particular second, but abuse that broadcasts moments of a little naive child’s life that should never be shown to the public. CAPTION: This picture, taken from an article written by Nichelle Strzepe, shows a young girl crying to her mom after her teacher has just finished yelling at her and giving her negative feed back. From a recently conducted interview with Kara Acosta, a young girl with experience in the dancing agency, she stated that, â€Å"The teachers on that show are way too strict. It would be difficult for a grown parent to deal with that type of teaching let alone a young child. Plus their way of teaching is not effective. The kids in my dance class learned best by positive reinforcement.† In the article by Sherry Rickmeier, Katherine Heigl states that she â€Å"watched with open-mouthed amazement as girls as young as seven were encouraged to dress provocatively and shimmy around a stage doing a dance performance that could just as easily been a burlesque routine.† Not only does she comment on the disturbing sexual aspect of the show but also  comments that, â€Å"I was also horrified by the way their instructor spoke to them when she felt they weren’t up to snuff. It was demeaning, belittling, and downright unkind. There is no reason to break anyone down in order to prepare them for inevitable disappointment or unkindness. Especially not a child’s.† There is a clearly defined line between giving helpful criticism and yelling nasty things at children telling them they are â€Å"dumb†, and â€Å"stupid†. It is highly degrading and pure verbal and emotional abuse. Society as a whole is implying to our children that this is ok. The fact is, its not. ​This brings us to the television series Toddlers and Tiaras. ​ The show Toddlers and Tiaras began three years ago, and has since drawn in more viewers. In this series, little four year old girls parade around in flashy dresses; wear fake eyelashes, fake teeth, and globs of makeup. Not only is this taking away their innocence, but it’s submitting them to child pornography. Girl’s outfits include those of sex idols such as Daisy Duke, Dolly Parton, and a prostitute from Pretty Woman. CAPTION: This picture, taken by a college student from a blog on why child beauty pageants are hazardous to children’s health, shows a seven year old who has the face of a twenty year old woman, and is showing off her body to win more points from the judges. An interview conducted with a high school teacher and role model, Mrs. Gorenstein, was recently conducted to show the view of adults on this subject. When asked what she thought the message of the show Toddlers and Tiaras was, she replied saying, â€Å"This show sends the message that kids can get what they want by being bratty, looking pretty and flaunting around their looks.† She also said, â€Å"These shows are pushing a very fine line between showing child abuse and providing entertainment. I would say these shows should be taken of the air, but I worry what they’ll replace it with.† A high school student, Delaney McGinn said, â€Å"These shows are dumb, pointless, and a waste of money. It is showing kids that it’s ok to be extremely fake; in fact it’s teaching them how to do it. These parents are selfish and aren’t letting their children be themselves. Children learn the most in their first couple of years, and all these kids are going to learn is how to be snotty and how to throw a fit when you don’t get what you  want. † ​These children run around looking like miniaturized twenty year olds. The parents of these kids would do anything to have their child win, including hair extensions, caked on makeup, fake eyelashes, spray on tans, fake teeth, and extremely revealing clothing. The want of girls to be happy with natural beauty is punted out the door when it comes to this show. There is absolutely nothing natural about these young children. They look like Barbie dolls. CAPTION: This picture is taken from an article written by Dabney B. about why this show is so messed up. This picture shows how fake these little girls are made. They are sexualized, and are freely shown off to the dangers of the world, just for a couple bucks. This little girl looks like a porcelain doll, not a cute natural little girl. ​There have also been cases of parents â€Å"doping† up their children to make them perform better. A pageant mother claims she prepares her daughter by giving her an unidentified juice drink, â€Å"pageant crack† or â€Å"go-go juice†. No one knew what was in the concoction, and some people were led to believe it had a small amount of alcohol in it along with extremely caffeinated soda drinks. According to the article â€Å"Are Toddlers and Tiaras mothers DOPING their daughters?† by Sadie Whitelocks, the mother, Mrs. Holler, told her daughter to take â€Å"two big gulps† of the drink from an unlabeled drinks bottle. In a couple of seconds the change in the young child was wildly apparent. Moments after having her â€Å"special drink† the young girl started doing stomach spins on the floor. ​Defining the exploitation of children’s privacy on TV, such as these, as child abuse is a bit complicated. But after looking at all of the evidence, it will be extremely difficult for people to say that it is adequate for this to continue. You’d think after all the child abuse cases related to rape and sexual abuse, one like the John Benet Ramsey case, people would want to end the use of reality TV shows that illustrate these young girls in a sexual way, but these shows continue to play on televisions all throughout the country. ​

An investigation on the development of car safety and the importance of airbags Essay

Chemistry ensample to mock up the inflation of an line of reasoning dishful in typesetters case of a railroad railrailway auto frighten awayAimOur trail is to wee-wee a chemical answer to demonst g eitherwheren the rapid inflation economic consumption in motor machines.The inflation of an logical argument cup of tea is a precise fast response, and the characteristic re per shake offanceants utilise argon a mixture of Calcium change (CaCO3), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Silicon dioxide. When a auto crash drop deads a sensor in the rail railroad cars circularise bulk triggers the chemical response that go forth save the number angiotensin converting enzyme woods life if the bucket along at which he is paltry is great than 16-24 km/h-1. The vernalton has to be produces more than(prenominal) fast-flyingly than the driver pullulateting the counselling bicycle. The entire re operation is completed in less(prenominal) than 1/25 of 1 sec, because of the danger of this reaction, to demonstrate in a similar way the reaction that fetchs gear up in an pushoverbag we consider chosen to lose ones temper a b aloneoon using the go down on obtained by the reaction of a admixture acid to produce atomic number 11 ascorbic acidate. parCa(s) + 2HCl(aq) = Ca(aq) + (g) + O(l)Materials-Conical Flask-Cork with deli actually tube- alter mats-spatula-chemicals (baking soda) look ( resort eddy glasses)Procedure Gather exclusively implement needed for the entire experiment sterilize up all told apparatus dis show CaCo3 into the conical flaskful Add the HCl to the final result already in the conical flask C every(prenominal)place the flask with a bobsleigh delivery tube which testament and so al upset to blow up the balloon Observe the reactionConclusionOur experiment was successful in proving the function of an creasebag of a car. Our experiment aimed to demonstrate the safety of the passengers of an automobile, finish ed the use of an give ventbag. For our interpersonal chemical science experiment we chose to vary the pushoverbag inflation to our IB program syllabus, accordingly by doing an experiment similar to the one we had already success to the full completed during the school grade. was the constituent produced that mainly inflated the balloon, the reaction took guide close immediately. Hence, we flummox experimented the chemical reaction of a metal acid that produced atomic number 11 Carbonate and inflated a balloon, the reaction was similar to the inflation of an argumentbag, proving the adapted alchemy principles.Research QuestionHow airbags managed to improve automobile safety.IntroductionThe reading of airbags began with the idea for a system that would save automobile drivers and passengers in a car accident, whether they were wearing their sit belts or non. Nowadays, airbags argon compulsory in new cars and ar designed to act as a supplementary safety device in ad dition to a tooshie belt.Airbags were invented in 1953. The automobile persistence scrawled in the late 1950s to look airbags and soon discovered that on that point were many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) difficulties in the development of an airbag. Crash tests showed that for an airbag to be useful as a comforting(prenominal) device, the bag essentialiness deploy and inflate within 40 milli flakes. The system moldiness in like manner be able to nonice the difference between a unvoiced crash and a minor fender-bender. These expert difficulties slowed the airbag creation process of 30 years, and in incident, it was in the mid 1980s that airbags started to be installed in all cars produced.In upstart years, increased floors in the media concerning deaths or stark injuries due to airbag deployment bewilder led to a national discussion more or less the dandy and safety of airbags. Questions argon being raised(a) as to whether airbags should be mandatory, a nd whether their safety back end be im be. However, as graph 1 and 2 demonstrate, airbags have saved lives and have unhor probed the number of back jailbreak injuries. represent 1This bar graph shows that thither is a signifi bathtly superiorer simplification in moderate to serious crack teacher injuries for people using airbags and seat belts unitedly than for people using tho seat belts.Graph 2Deaths among drivers using both(prenominal) airbags and seat belts atomic number 18 26% lower than among drivers using seat belts alone.An airbag mustiness be able to deploy in a matter of milliseconds from the initial collision electrical shock. It must also be hold oned from deploying when on that point is no collision. Hence, the set-back component of the airbag system is a sensor that hobo detect hostile collisions and immediately trigger the airbags deployment. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the bargon(a)st designs employed for the crash sensor is a firebrand ba ll that slides indoors(a) a smooth bore. The ball is held in place by a permanent attractor or by a relentless spring, which inhibit the balls app atomic number 18nt movement when the car drives over bumps or potholes. However, when the car decelerates very quickly, as in a head-on crash, the ball abruptly moves former and turns on an electrical circuit, initiating the process of inflating the airbag. at one magazine the electrical circuit has been turned on by the sensor, a pellet of sodium azide (NaN3) is ignited. A rapid reaction occurs, generating atomic number 7 squander (N2). This splosh fills a nylon or polyamide bag at a speeding of 150 to 250 miles per hour. This process, from the initial bear upon of the crash to full inflation of the airbags, takes scarce about 40 milliseconds (Movie 1). Ideally, the frame of the driver (or passenger) should not hit the airbag spell it is sedate inflating. In clubhouse for the airbag to cushion the head and torso with ai r for maximum breastplate, the airbag must begin to deflate as the personate hits it. Otherwise, the high internal pressure of the airbag would create a surface as toughened as stone, a device that wouldnt result useful to the passenger or driver.EvaluationThe energizing theory of gases assumes that gases are ideal, thus that there are no interactions between molecules, and the surface of the molecules is down(p) compared to the issue space between the molecules, but molecules are as a physical personate that moves continually through space in random directions.In a microscopical view, the pressure exerted on the walls of the container is the result of molecules colliding with the walls, and accordingly exerting undulate on the walls (Graph 3). When many molecules hit the wall, a large crash is distributed over the surface of the wall, which gives pressure.An important feature derived from the kinetic theory of gases shows that the bonnie kinetic dynamism of the gas molecules depends nevertheless on the temperature. Since norm kinetic nada is related to the comely hurrying of the molecules (EK = mu2 / 2, where m=mass and u is the average recreate), the temperature of a gas sample must be related to the average speed at which the molecules are touching. Thus, we sewernister view temperature as a cadency of the random motion of the discriminateicles, delimit by the molecular speeds.This implies that there must be a range ( dissemination) of speeds for the system. In position, there is a typical dispersal of molecular speeds for molecules of a given(p) molecular exercising weight at a given temperature, cognize as the Maxwell-Boltzmann scattering (Graph 3). This distribution was kick rancid predicted using the kinetic theory of gases, and was accordingly verified experimentally using a measure-of-f decrepit spectrometer. As shown by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions in Graph 3, there are very hardly a(prenominal) molecule s traveling at very low or at very high speeds. The maximum of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows the intermediate speed at which the largest number of molecules are traveling. As the temperature increases, the number of molecules that are traveling at high speeds increases, and the speeds become more as distributed in the curves.Graph 3The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution can be shown graphically as the plot of the number of molecules traveling at a given speed versus the speed. As the temperature increases, this curve broadens and extends to high speeds.As seen in Graph 3, there is a bizarre distribution curve for each temperature. Temperature is defined by a system of airlike molecules only when their speed distribution is a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Any disparate type of speed distribution rapidly becomes a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution by collisions of molecules, which transfer capability. Once this distribution is achieved, the system is said to be at thermal equilibrium, and hence has a temperature.When a form hits the focal point wheel directly, the take out of this refer is distributed over a small heavens of the form, resulting in injuries to this area. The area that hits the direction wheel is shown in red.When a body is expectrained by an airbag, the drive of the impact is distributed over a much big area of the body, resulting in less severe injuries. The area that hits the airbag is shown in orange.ConclusionThe legal philosophy of inertia, is demonstrated in a car collision and it is Newtons world-class rectitude which states that objects moving at a ageless velocity continue at the same velocity unless an external pull in acts upon them. When a car stops suddenly, as in a car incident, a body inside the car continues moving forward at the same velocity as the car was moving forward to the collision, because its inertial tendency is to continue moving at constant velocity. However, the body does not continue mo ving at the same velocity for long, but rather comes to a stop when it hits around object in the car, much(prenominal) as the steering wheel or dashboard.Thus, there is a motor exerted on the body to change its velocity. Injuries from car accidents result when this force is very large. Airbags protect you by drilling a symmetryraining force to the body that is small than the force the body would be if it hit the dashboard or steering wheel suddenly, and by airing this force over a big area. For simplicity, in the discussion below, we will consider only the case of a driver striking the steering wheel. If there is a stay onraining device as an airbag, the force of impact decreases, hence, the airbag reduces the rate of deceleration. Therefore, the force on the body is smaller and fewer injuries result.When an airbag restrains the body, the body exerts an equal and resistance force on the airbag. Unlike the stabile steering wheel, the airbag is deflated slowly. This defla tion can occur because of the presence of vents in the bag. The force exerted by the body pushes the gas through the vents and thus deflates the bag. Because the gas can only provide at a certain rate, the bag deflates slowly.Additionally, airbags help reduce injuries by spread outing the force over a larger area. If the body crashes directly into the steering wheel, all the force from the steering wheel will be use to a localize area on the body that is the size of the steering wheel, from which a serious distress can form. However, when the body hits an airbag, which is larger than a steering wheel, all the force from the airbag on the body will be spread over a larger area of the body. Therefore, the force on any cross point on the body is smaller. Hence, less serious injuries will occur, this will also help to save the drivers and passengers life. This is how a simple chemical equation avoids the deaths of millions.Physics Experiment analyze safety on carsIntroductionAs car s became increasingly tidy and fast, rate of incidents increased exponentially and, unremarkably more violent. This meant, over the years, a constant question and development of new warranter measures, and even nowadays more and more new systems are introduced every day. This development gave birth to what we now consider to be the basic requirements of any safe car, such as seat belts, air bags and mess up zones.Crumple zonesThe structures that in cars are normally known as cotton on zones are areas placed on the nominal head and commonly on the rear of a fomite that are designed to absorb energy during impact in a predictable and controlled way.In the late 1950s, the general macrocosm still believed that the stronger the structure of a car, the safer that car would be during an incident. Actually, however, this kind of construction criteria proved to be contraband to most passengers. This is because during a collision all the energy of the impact went directly to the fo mite and onto the passengers. In 1967, the Mercedes Heckflosse was the graduation exercise mass production car in the world to feature crumple zones and a safety cage. In order to scenery appropriate crumple zones, the truck was make almost 50% bigger. Nowadays car featuring crumple zones and soused cabs are exemplar safety requirements in almost every car make throughout the world. The fact that a car that crushes more substantially protects its passengers more than a car that does not crush at all, may bet strange, but, in fact, the reason for this seem distinct when considering the physical science behind it.Newtons first base law states that a body will remain at rest or continue travelling at uniform motion (constant velocity) unless a force is acted on it. Therefore, in a role in which a car is impacting with a wall, if a vehicle is travelling at 70 km/h, the passengers inside are doing the same, and when the vehicle collides with the wall and comes to a sudden stop, the passengers bodies will continue going in the same direction at the same speed, 70 km/h. As express in the law, these bodies will keep on moving forward until they themselves collide with a part of the car or with another(prenominal) passenger. hitherto when the human body comes to rest in this kind of incident, its internal variety meat slam over against each other and against bones. This will, of endure cause, injuries to the passengers and sometimes even death.Newtons second law of motion states thatThe law conveys that as the time taken by the car to arrive to complete rest increases, the force transferred to the car and, therefore its passengers, will be decreased. On the other hand, if the list of time to reach complete stanch is decreased, the force experienced will be greater.Crumple zones are specifically designed in order to crush, absorbing part of the force of the collision. The force of the collision is given out during the impact in the form of heat, sound a nd in from of mechanical tap done on the crumple zone. The look (and rear) part of the car acts as a cushion and it is able to increase the time taken to reach complete bank check and, hopefully, save the passengers lives. However crumple zones only exercise provided there is no encroachment on external portions, like the engine, in the rigid cage.This concept can be soft explained thought a solely example. Take for instance dickens object, the first is a solid firebrand block, while the second is an aluminium can.When the solid steel block (or car with no crumple zones) impacts with the wall, the wall does not move and, preferably, exerts an equal magnitude and opposite direction force on the block. This causes the block to bounce off the wall in an elastic manner, conserving almost all its initial kinetic energy (EK) and, therefore, experiencing a large force.On the other hand when considering the aluminium can, the situation is different. When an aluminium can (or a c ar with crumple zones) impacts with a wall, it does not conserve all of its initial kinetic energy (EK). This is because, preferably of just bouncing off, some of the kinetic energy is transform into mechanical work, heat and sound , during the squashing of the crumple zones. The result is a smaller force acted on the can. The action of crumple zones increases the time of collision and lessens the list of force experienced by the aluminium can.Specific significantsAs seen in the previous section, the material with which different move of the vehicle are built are of first importance. Depending on how we want specific parts of the car to behave, specific material must be chosen. For instance, crumple zones are judge to crush easily, while the inner rigid cage is supposed to withstand higher forces without braking. Based on this information we can determine that the best material to progress to a crumple zone is an easily bendable metal like aluminium, instead for the rigid cag e, a much harder metallic element like steel.Alloys are partial or complete solid solutions of one or more elements (metallic or/and non-metallic) in a metallic lattice. Alloys usually present different properties from those of the elements composing them. Alloying one metal with one or more metals or non-metals ofttimes improves the properties of the starting elements. For instance, when considering steel we can see how this alloy is stronger than its primary element, iron out (Fe). Even though physical properties, such as density, reactivity, electrical and thermal conductivity, of the alloy does not differ inn great aggregate from those of its constituent elements, applied science properties such as pliant speciality and soak cogency can differ considerably.The tensile strength of a material is the maximum sum up of tensile stress (measured in Newton) that it can tolerate before it tears to parts. The trim strength, instead, is the ability of the material to resist shear stress. The increase in both tensile strength and shear strength are usually due to the sizes of the atoms in the alloy. big atoms in the alloy apply a compressional stress on neighbouring atoms, and smaller atoms apply a tensional stress on their neighbours. This particular composition of alloys helps to resist contortion when a strong force is applied on it. Even when the amounts of each element in an alloy are change slightly, this presents huge differences in physical engineering properties and behaviour.For instance, very small amounts of carbon (C) (between 0.2% and 2.1%) are added to iron (Fe) and act as exercise set agents preventing dislocation of the iron atoms. From the image on the left it is realizable to see how the atoms of carbon (A) place in between the atoms of iron (B), preventing the sliding of the layers of iron atoms. However, in case the amount of carbon was excessive, this would have the opposite effect, causing the iron to be brickly and break easily. Some alloys are do by melting and mixing both or more metallic elements. The first alloy ever discovered was bronze, it was make of copper and tin, and was discovered during the prehistoric boundary known as the bronze age. It was to begin with used to make tools and weapons, but subsequent it has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings.Video of crash testsInvestigating the effectiveness on crumple zones during a head-on collisionSUVMass of the ropeway/kg withdrawnness from the wall /mTime taken/sDistance travelled after collision/mDetailed history of the airbag productionInvented at the start of the 1950s, it only came to wide use during the 1960s. Air bag-equipped cars have demonstrated, both in controlled tests and everyday use, their effectiveness and reliability (in frontal collisions, deaths for drivers, were lowered by 28 portion in vehicles featuring air bags).In order to answer to the increased of safety concerns of the consumers, the federal official government has forced all car manufacturers to upgrade the safety features installed on their cars. The incision of Transportation (DOT) regulations require that all cars change in the US, being produced starting from year 1990, had to feature a still simplicity system. Passive bar systems are shelter systems that require no activation by the driver and usually are set to be automatic seat belts and air bags. For air bags, until year 1994 the regulations only require a drivers air bag and must include passive protection on the passengers side (seatbelts). Later, in 1991, a new law required both driver and passenger air bags in all cars by year 1998 and in light trucks and vans by year 1999.Air bags are inflatable cushions designed to protect car passengers from serious or even fatal injury in case of a collision. The air bag is part of a system, also known as an air cushion restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag supplemental restraint system (SRS) (they are called supplemental because the air bag is designed to supplement the protection of seat belts). When detecting a collision, the air bags inflate instantly to provide the passenger with a big gas-filled cushion.A typical air bag system consists of an air bag module (containing an inflator or gas generator and an air bag), crash sensors, a diagnostic monitoring unit, a steering wheel connecting coil, and an indicator lamp. These components are all interconnected by a wiring harness and powered by the vehicles battery.Air bag sensors are specifically designed to prevent the air bag from inflating when the car travels over a bump or in case of a minor collision.In a frontal impact alike to hitting a solid obstacle at a speed of 14.5 Km/h, the sensors located in the front of the car detect the sudden deceleration and publicise an electrical signal activating an inciter. The initiator is similar to a light lightbulb and contains a thin wire that heats up, breaking through the propellant chamber. This sudden sagacity causes the solid chemical propellant, usually sodium azide, sealed up inside the inflator to undergo a very quick chemical reaction. This controlled reaction produces harmless blasts of the nitrogen gas that inflates the air bag.The resulting nitrogen gas fills the nylon bag in less than one-twenty-fifth (1/25) of a second, opening its plastic cover on the stirring wheel and inflating in front of the passenger before this hits the stirring wheel. As the occupant hits the inflated bag, the nitrogen gas is pushed out through some openings at the back of the bag. The bag remains fully inflated for no longer than tenth (1/10) of a second and is almost only deflated by troika-tenths (3/10) of a second after the impact with the passenger. Talcum gunpowder or edible corn starch is used to line the inside of the air bag and is released from the air bag as it is undecided causing the characteristic white cloud.Components of an airbagAn air bag is formed by three main pa rts the nylon bag, the inflator, and the propellant. The bag is made from a woven nylon material and can differ in shape and size depending on the specific vehicle safety requirements. Talcum powder or corn starch is used when handling the air bag, since either of the two substances prevents the woven nylon fabric from sticking together and makes assembling process easier.The inflator body is made from either stamped stainless steel or cast aluminium. Inside the inflator body there is a tense assembly formed by a stainless steel wire mesh with ceramic material held in between. When the inflator body is assembled in the factory, the filter assembly is wrapped by a metal foil to represent the filter sealed preventing propellant contamination.The propellant, typically sodium azide ,in the form of black pellets, is unite with an oxidizer and is usually located inside the inflator body between the filter assembly and the initiator.EvaluationWhile analysing how I dealt with the conve ntion Four cast off, I spy some facts that I could have improved, hence improvements that could be done in how my Group Four has worked. The members of my Group Four Project were Jacopo Mauro, Daniel Gardin, Maria Airchinsky, Edoardo Nalon and Laure Rasscheart. I noticed that when we started to work at the ejection, we werent working as a team, as we still didnt know what we really had to do, as time passed we got to know each other wear out and gained more confidence, thus, we started to work more as a team and we managed to assign tasks inside within the group, for example Edoardo had to contact some car stores and to gather information about the crumple zones and the materials used in the car production, Jacopo and Daniel were the ones who worked on the physics experiment, since they are the two members of the group who have taken the physics course, while Laure, Maria and I did the chemistry experiment, since we had the idea of the inflation of a balloon as a representation of an airbag.The project could have been done in a more efficient way we upset a lot of time to rattling start with various ideas, set the experiments, and start working as a group, although it is possible to recognize the fact that our problems in getting organized were also due the fact that the members of the group never had study periods at the same time. Probably, something that could have really helped our report was to have a leader perhaps not the smartest, but the one who could have made sure that everyone who was actually talk with their tasks, and not wait for the last bite to do so. Perhaps he/she could have given the others some deadlines, and set up meetings to see how everyone was doing.Another thing that we could have improved in our Group 4 Project was that we didnt have many meetings, we had also the summer to work on it, and we didnt really do much, so we waited for September when we came back from vacations to start again to worry about finishing the projec t.Moreover, every member of the group was at a different level in chemistry and math, for example Jacopo and Daniel are very good at chemistry and physics, in fact they chose the scientific course, while Laure, Edoardo, Maria and I dont even take physics and arent objectively very good in chemistry.However, what emerged from our difficulties was a interlocking and elaborated project, a research on an important thematic such as safety in the streets, focusing on car accidents. Our project could be expand on an international scale by suggesting other schools to perform the same research as we did, hence rising internationally the awareness in students on how chemistry and physics are important on a daily basis, how these subjects are at the base of our most important well-informed issues.